Monday, December 30, 2019

Descriptive Essay - Original Writing - 1284 Words

Time flew past at such a slow pace. In the morning, the sky would turn light blue, in the afternoon a blue mixed with white, then gradually mixed with red, then dark blue at night, and finally pitch black. I saw this change of colours by gazing head high to the sky at different places. My skin was cold to the touch, like a piece of metal that hadn t been held in a long time. I rubbed my hands over in quick, swift movements. It still glistened as the water droplets remained on my skin. A shiver ran down my spine as a reminiscence of the past overflow within me. The forest was one of those things I despised. The hint of the sharp, metallic smell of blood that filled my nostrils still present. I squeeze my eyes tightly shut for a second,†¦show more content†¦I take more and more careful steps forward, avoiding any fence full of splinters the trees have decided to drop on my route. I wanted everyone to know how each other felt, just like back then. I stand silently in front of everyone; Jillian, Ethan, Dylan, Charlie and Violet together in the river that flows a fragile, turquoise blue colour, like the subtle sweep of a painter’s brush. Of course they don t know I m here. This is actually the first time in 10 years I had seen them together again, it s sad to know that, it hurts... so much. We used to be all friends, such close friends... who would laugh together, play together and worry together. But now, because of me they ve drifted apart. Why did this happen? My heart... it aches too much, I cannot bear it. * * * Ah! I tripped over a rock on the forest path. I ve lost my balance and found myself lose control of my body, as I rapidly rolled down towards the riverbed when ......something rough banged against my head as I fell into the river The chilly water soaked my favourite dress. Revealing the paleness of my skin. My head felt weird. I suddenly had a massive headache and I could feel something wet sticking on my long hair, for some reason I couldn t get up. I could feel my energy slowly, fading, painfully away from me. Huh? I opened my eyes slowly and I saw myself floating in mid air. Strange I told myself. Suddenly the surroundings changed, instead of me

Sunday, December 22, 2019

The Various Stages Of A Criminal Trial - 1523 Words

What are the various stages of a criminal trial? Describe each one. The various stages of criminal trials is certain stages of arrest that take place, and develop to an end point of examination. The defendant is held and reasoned by question whether or not there was a crime that has been committed. A trial can be reasoned and argue the case. This is done to have a conviction of the defendant, and to be proven guilty. One of the first stages is the â€Å"pleading stage† and it starts by filing of complaint by documentation that is submitted, leading into a summon and response, then a motion to dismissal of claims, and motion from judgment. The second stage is â€Å"pretrial† which questions are to be answered for the finding of facts. Pretrial leads into a motion for a summary judgement, which is reviewed to seek if there is enough merit. Cases could be dismissed if the facts are not relevant. Last for the pretrial stage is the pretrial order, and it is when the case will be determined by the court and all parties are recognized. The trial is last to take place with a jury selection and an opening statement for the jury. After an opening statement the plaintiff testimony is held for the â€Å"proceedings consists of the plaintiffs† who then present their experts and/or witness. There is the defense testimony in the following along with the redirection and recall, a closing ar gument, a charge to the jury who evaluates the case, then leads into the verdict, and last a judgement.Show MoreRelatedCriminal Justice System and Process Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pagesas Criminal Law (Law Library, 2011). Criminal law is also termed as Penal law, it comprises of rules as well as statutes that have been written by the Congress and the state legislators who deal with criminal activities (petty crimes, felonies or misdemeanors) that have a direct or indirect harm to the general public and is accompanied by penalties of these crimes, (Morrison, 2008). Criminal law is enforced by the government. Criminal law has sub-sections that include: Substantive Criminal LawRead MoreThe Canadian Charter Of Rights And Freedoms1386 Words   |  6 Pagesdone in due time, and the process is not expedited without an outstanding reason as it can lead to misguided verdict. Furthermore, the criminal trial process in our society focuses on equality and promotes this principle by entitli ng an accused of even the most heinous crimes to civil liberties and processes as not to compromise the criminal trial process. A fair trial is an intrinsic right of all members of society making it fundamental to our being, and is ergo ensured to us all under s.11 of theRead MoreThe Criminal Trial Process: From Jury Selection to Sentencing1340 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿The Criminal Trial: Trail Process: From Jury Selection to Sentencing Introduction The criminal trial process is an interesting process that takes place in Courtrooms all across the United States and throughout the globe. This study intends to set out the various steps in the criminal trial process in the American justice system. A trial is described as a legal forum for resolving individual disputes, and in the case of a criminal charge, it is a means for establishing whether an accused personRead MoreCriminal Justice Essay1251 Words   |  6 Pagesvictims and the offenders. 2 Running Head: Midterm Essay 3 Summarize the evolution of the criminal justice system in America. Identify and discuss at least three (3) key U.S Supreme Court cases that have had a significant impact on the issue of individual rights versus public order, with respect to arrest, search, and seizure. In modern day America, the public’s view on the typical criminal has shifted from seeing him or her as a victim of social and personal unfortunate circumstancesRead MoreMidterm Essay1207 Words   |  5 Pagesinformation about each crime, its victims and the offenders. Summarize the evolution of the criminal justice system in America. Identify and discuss at least three (3) key U.S Supreme Court cases that have had a significant impact on the issue of individual rights versus public order, with respect to arrest, search, and seizure. In modern day America, the public’s view on the typical criminal has shifted from seeing him or her as a victim of social and personal unfortunate circumstancesRead MoreThe Criminal Procedural Code Of India1592 Words   |  7 PagesINTRODUCTION The criminal procedural code of India is a vast code containing all the possible procedures that one should follow so as to achieve the proper formula as to Fair, Just and Free trial. The constitution of India in its articles protects various rights of the citizens. This has been extensively discussed in the upcoming chapters of the project. The basis to understanding the criminal justice administration is that India follows an Adversarial system as practiced in the Commonwealth nationsRead MoreRights of Juveniles1267 Words   |  6 Pages C) Breed v. Jones – In 1971 a young man named Jones, aged 17, was alleged to have committed armed robbery. Jones was found to be unfit at an adjudicatory and was declared unfit to be tried as a juvenile and was transferred to the adult court for trial. He was found guilty in the first degree of armed robbery and was placed in the custody of the youth authority. Jones later appealed his case to the U.S. Supreme court claiming that he was pla ced in double jeopardy because he was already adjudicatedRead MoreCriminology And The Scientific Study Of Crime And Criminals767 Words   |  4 Pagesscientific study of crime and criminals including its causes. It is a sub-group of sociology which is the scientific study of social behavior. Criminology uses several fields of study, including psychology, psychiatry, statistics, and anthropology. 2. What is meant by valid and reliable statistics? A valid statistic measures facts. While a reliable statistic measures consistency from one measurement to another. This means calculating the amount and trend of criminal activity based on who commitsRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System and Courts in America973 Words   |  4 PagesBasically, there are two types of federal courts: constitutional and legislative. Constitutional courts are presided over by the Supreme Court and include regular courts such as Circuit Courts of Appeal and District Courts. These are the courts that hear trials that might ultimately end up in the Supreme Court for determining constitutionality. Magistrate Courts are federal courts. Also part of the federal court system are the special courts, mainly the United States Court of International Trade. FinallyRead MoreThe Crime Of The Criminal Justice System1266 Words   |  6 Pages The criminal justice system in England and Wales is made up of multiple agencies which all have different responsibilities, however they share the main objective of maintaining and enforcing the rule of law. The International Bar Association (2005) describes the Rule of Law as ‘the foundation of a civilized society’ with a society’s formal response to crime being the responsibility of the criminal justice system ‘more specifically in terms of a series of decisions and actions being taken by a number

Saturday, December 14, 2019

Wipro Report Free Essays

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESOPONSIBILITY of [pic] Submitted to Prof. Rajeev Gowda [pic] SUBMITTED By JAYAPRASAD V 1011243 JEFFERSON KADUVINAL ABRAHAM 1011244 JITESH MEHTA 1011245 Contents 1. Introduction3 2. We will write a custom essay sample on Wipro Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives3 2. 1 Wipro Cares3 2. 2 Wipro Applying Thought in Schools4 2. 3 Mission10X5 2. 4 ECO Eye5 3. Stake holders and CSR initiatives7 4. Controversies8 5. Conclusion8 6. Appendix9 Introduction Wipro headquartered in Bangalore is one of India’s leading firms which was founded by Mr. M. H Premji. Its business can be categorized under three main headings: †¢ IT, BPO, RD and Consulting Services: Wipro Technologies, Wipro Infotech †¢ Consumer and Institutional Products: Wipro Consumer Care and Lightning †¢ Infrastructure and Ecological Engineering: Wipro Infrastructure Engineering Wipro as an organization recognizes the importance of corporate social responsibility and has taken several initiatives to benefit the stakeholders. Wipro Model of Good Citizenship[1] [pic] Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives[i] 2. 1 Wipro Cares Unlike mere philanthropy, this initiative channelizes the efforts of the employees and their friends to provide a long term benefit to the society. It focuses on two main areas – assisting in disaster management by providing rehabilitation to the survivors of natural calamities and initiating a learning enhancement program which would improve the skill set and self esteem of the underprivileged children ; thereby ensuring that they grow up to be independent. Under this scheme, Wipro launched five new projects in 2007-08 which was in addition to the eight ongoing projects. Some major ongoing projects are as follows: |Tsunami relief initiatives which include reclamation of agricultural land, donation of boats to fishermen and construction of school | |buildings have been undertaken at Pushpavanam village, Tamil Nadu. | |Learning enhancement programmes which aim to broaden the horizon and increase awareness levels have been successfully implemented in | |several schools – Olcott Memorial School, Chennai, TVK School in Chennai and Government Secondary School, Bangalore. The success of | |these programs aptly demonstrates the benefit of sensitizing and involving employees in contributing to society. | |Wiproites in Kolkatta in association with an NGO provide health care services for families of brick kiln labour camp children. | |In association with Swadhar, an NGO, Wipro has helped set up community centres for marginalized families. A vocational course and a | |school are run by Swadhar from this centre. | |Makkala Jagriti is an after school safe home set up in Bangalore for around 200 children. | 2. Wipro Applying Thought in Schools Wipro firmly believes that an educated India is the key to bring about societal change. This initiative is aimed at improving the quality of education with the long term focus being to develop systems which would allow each child to reach his potential. Projects aimed at educational reform have been undertaken with organizations such as Disha, Gurgaon and Katha, Delhi. Wipro has fostered relationships with many NGO†™s. Wipro is also a member of the CII National Committee of Education Reforms. Wipro Applying Thought In Schools[2] [pic] The experiment based learning projects are of two types: †¢ Holistic School Engagement Programs: Wipro has worked with over 1100 schools. For example, Eklavya in Bhopal, is an initiative at providing education for the economically disadvantaged children by developing material and teacher development programs. †¢ Capability building for organizations: This aims at introducing school reform and providing grants to build resource centres in the organization. For example, support has been given to Udaan-Janvikas, Ahmedabad to build the organization into an educational resource centre. . 3 Mission10X Mission10X, is a not for profit trust established in 2007 with the aim of improving the quality of engineering education in the country and producing employable graduates who are equipped with the necessary skill set. Workshops have been held which have empowered more than 1000 faculty members. These workshops focus on asset building aimed at creating a world class repository of lea rning assets. The mission is to eventually empower 10,000 faculty members by 2010. 2. 4 ECO Eye Wipro has engaged in a transformation drive to fulfil its commitment to ecological sustainability. In addition, it is also trying to educate all stakeholders regarding the fragile ecosystem and the urgent need to take affirmative action. This drive was kicked off in 2008 and it involves all stakeholders – employees, suppliers, partners and communities. As per, Mr Azim Premji, Chairman, Wipro Ltd, â€Å"We firmly believe business cannot be built at the cost of ecology. It is not sustainable. Ecological Sustainability will increasingly be the defining force for society and business globally. Wipro will work on the dimensions of carbon neutrality, water balance, waste management and bio-diversity. Eco Eye is the â€Å"eye† through which we attempt to see everything, and act for ecological sustainability. †[3] | | The themes for eco-action include identification of a portfolio for sustainability investments that will generate new lines of revenue and profits and remodel internal operations to reach neutrality/surplus in the elements of energy, water, waste. In addition, there exists a â€Å"Beyond Wipro† initiative to partner with national and global groups to take sustainability initiatives and to motivate employees to make environment friendly changes in their personal lives. The initiative to invest in a new portfolio for sustainability is in line with Milton Friedman’s views, wherein Wipro has made a business case for social responsibility. In addition, Wipro recognizes that society is becoming more conscious and in due course of time, both customers and employees may demand the need for sustainability and the government may also mandate it. Hence, it is clearly in their interest to take the lead and tap the hitherto unknown business opportunities. Eco Eye allows Wipro to have a â€Å"Going Green† tag, but more importantly it is structured in a way to bring value to the shareholders. This strategic positioning is important as the money spent on the Eco Eye initiatives are viewed as ‘beneficial’ to the shareholders and not a ‘burden’ on them. As per Milton Friedman, if a company spends shareholder money on corporate social responsibility, it is equivalent to a ‘tax’, hence this strategic positioning of generating returns is important for the shareholders. The Eco Eye is a strategic corporate social responsibility initiative (in accordance with Porter and Cramer’s views) that provides mutual benefits to the society and the shareholders. Wipro has also partnered with regional, national and global groups as part of larger sustainability initiatives in energy, water, waste and biodiversity. This has been aimed at bringing about an industry change and alter the rules of engagement in the long run. Some of the key actions undertaken on ecological sustainability include: Reduce carbon footprint by encouraging telephone and video conferences to reduce employee travel emissions, encouraging car pooling. Wipro Eco Energy, a division of Wipro Infrastructure Engineering, offers consulting and implementation services across the spectrum of solar, wind, geothermal and biomass energy sources. †¢ Usage of alternative sources of energy like LED lights, ISO 14001 Certification Greening of all Buildings based on LEED standards †¢ Reduc ing water usage by recycling waste water and harvesting rain water. Wipro Water, a division of Wipro Infrastructure Engineering offers solutions in water treatment space. †¢ In the field of waste management, Wipro has increased the usage of recycled materials and packaging in the design of products which has resulted in significant cost savings. †¢ Conducts regular energy audits. In addition Wipro is a member of the Green Grid, a consortium dedicated to improving the energy efficiency of data centres. Integrated Portfolio of ecological solutions[4] [pic] Stake holders and CSR initiatives[ii] Stock holders: Mr. Azim Premji, Chairman of Wipro is committed to corporate social responsibility. He has established a not-for-profit Azim Premji foundation which aims at introducing a holistic system change in the education system. The ‘Eco Eye’ which is the largest social initiative taken by the company aims at generating new business and providing value to all shareholders. Employees: They are provided with ample opportunities to contribute to society through programs such as ‘Wipro Cares’ and ‘Wipro applying thought in school’ which result in increased motivation. They are also involved in the Eco Eye program to reduce the carbon footprint – car pooling, encouraging video conferencing, E-waste policy. Wipro has also launched Women of Wipro (WoW) with a charter to mentor women leaders, contribute to business growth and to remove disparities in the work-force. Medical benefits and superannuation plans are in place. Career development programs are run to improve the skill set of the employees. In the IT industry, the employees have a sedentary life style. Keeping this in mind, Wipro has initiated a â€Å"Fit for Life† program which aims at improving the physical and mental health of the employees. [iii] Customers: Wipro has set up recycling agencies and processes for recycling E-waste. Customers are provided this service through a single helpline and are actively encouraged to use environment friendly products. This has projected the company as socially responsible and added brand value. Wipro has been environmentally responsible and has launched toxin free â€Å"greenware† desktops. Government: Wipro proactively engages with the government and regulatory bodies to evolve a legal and regulatory framework which addresses the needs of societal stakeholders. Wipro provides feedback to government on vital economic issues. For example, the Offset Policy is aimed at facilitating technology transfer and large defence contracts with MNC’s. In addition Wipro offers advice to the government on educational reforms (in line with its philosophy of introducing a paradigm shift in education) and has also partnered with the government in promoting economic growth in Tier-II and III cities. Wipro is also a signatory to CII’s mission on sustainable growth. Community: The initiatives taken under Eco Eye have an indirect impact on the surrounding communities as the focus is on energy efficiency. Wipro InfoTech has also launched â€Å"Super Genius Bharat PC† in an attempt to bridge the digital divide in India and is targeted specifically at the rural community. Disaster management drives through ‘Wipro Cares’ have benefited victims of natural calamities particularly in Tamil Nadu, Gujarat and Orissa. Wipro believes in engaging with the people and is averse to ‘plain cheque book philanthropy’. Wipro in association with civic bodies has worked in areas of ecological importance. For instance, it worked with the Bangalore municipality in 2007 to transplant fully grown trees. Academia: Wipro has education programs aimed at the ‘future generations’ as it has an impact on influencing the future work force. These programs have been launched under â€Å"Wipro Cares†, â€Å"Wipro Applying Thought in Schools† and â€Å"Mission10X†. Initiatives have been taken to train teachers. Non Profit Organizations: Relationships have been nurtured with several NGO’s in promoting community welfare particularly in educating the underprivileged children. Wipro has also received accolades for its environment friendly initiatives and was ranked No. in Green peace’s Guide to Greener Electronics. [iv] Suppliers: Wipro has an ombudsprocess available to all their vendors so that they can raise concerns relating to any breach by the employees. Before finalizing any contract with a vendor, Wipro ensures that the vendor has fair labour practices which include payment of statutory wages to employees, ensuring no gender discrimination and no forced or child labour. Wipro has undertaken responsibility not only for its own actions but has also taken steps to ensure that its suppliers do the same. Controversies[v][vi] In June 2007, Wipro along with two other Indian firms was black-listed for four years by the World Bank from receiving direct contracts under its corporate procurement program. This is the first time that the World Bank had taken such a stern action of black-listing firms. As per the bank, this disciplinary action was necessitated because Wipro had allowed the acquaintances of the bank’s CIO to participate in the â€Å"Directed Share Program†. This program offered American Depository Shares of Wipro in the US, at IPO market price. Wipro claimed that this was simply a ‘goodwill gesture’, since the shared offered were too few to cause any conflict of interest. This controversy caused the share prices to fall by 12%. This clearly shows that there exists no such concept of a â€Å"perfect company† and companies are willing to indulge in unethical practices for their business interests. Conclusion Wipro, through its initiatives has created new market opportunities for itself in the domain of environment friendly products. It realizes that in this day and age, consumers have become more environment conscious and hence Wipro has promoted itself with a green tag. They have tried to convey the message that they are a resource efficient company and have built a reputation around it which makes them attractive to investors, consumers, employees and other stakeholders. They are averse to taking up isolated initiatives and have devised a comprehensive and a coherent strategy for the entire organization. Having a socially aware chairman in the form of Mr. Azim Premji has ensured that the corporate social responsibility initiatives are discussed at the highest level and are an integral part of the business strategy. In the Indian context, Wipro has paved the way forward in the realm of corporate citizenship for other companies to emulate. However, the World Bank controversy illustrates that even companies like Wipro need to always set for themselves high ethical benchmarks. They must never deviate from them even while aiming to maximize their long term business interests. Often, many social and environmental issues are effectively handled if a company is willing to partner with its competitors. Wipro being such a major player in the Indian market can usher in an industry change by collaborating with other companies. Wipro’s initiatives are a testimonial to the dawning realization that corporate social responsibility is the future of business. In the words of Jeffery Hollender, â€Å"It’s what companies have to do to survive and prosper in a world where more and more of their behaviour is under the microscope. † Appendix Eco Eye Development framework[5] [pic] ———————– [1] http://www. wiprocorporate. com/sustainability/Wipro_Sustainability_Report_19Mar2k9. pdf [2] http://www. wiprocorporate. com/sustainability/Wipro_Sustainability_Report_19Mar2k9. df [3] http://www. thehindubusinessline. com/2008/06/06/stories/2008060651012100. htm [4] http://www. wiprocorporate. com/sustainability/Wipro_Sustainability_Report_19Mar2k9. pdf [5] http://www. wiprocorporate. com/sustainability/Wipro_Sustainability_Report_19Mar2k9. pdf ———————– [i] http://www. wiprocorporate. com/sustaina bility/Wipro_Sustainability_Report_19Mar2k9. pdf [ii] http://www. wiprocorporate. com/sustainability/Wipro_Sustainability_Report_19Mar2k9. pdf [iii] http://www. wiprocorporate. com/PressRoom/PR_Fit_for_Life_WC. asp [iv] How to cite Wipro Report, Papers

Friday, December 6, 2019

Emerging Market Strategy Innovating and Products

Question: Discuss about the Emerging Market Strategy for Innovating and Products. Answer: Introduction The aim of this report is to understand vision and mission of a resort which is going to start its business in the Iceland. The objective of this report is to identify the way of success for the resort. Along with this, the aim of the report is identify the target market and positioning of resort in the Ice land. In starting, there is necessary to measure the performance of the resort for achieving goals and objectives of the proposed project. A proper planning is very helpful to get success in the market of Iceland. Vision or mantra of resort The vision of any organization can be described as the statement given by the organization having set objectives and goals to be achieved in the future. The vision of the resort would be to attract more and customers by providing best accommodation facilities and services to them. The aim of vision of the resort is to build the image of the resort in the market by providing best services in terms of good food, rooms and facilities to the tourists. The vision statement would be helpful for the resort to improve the reputation and awareness among the tourists. It would also be helpful to achieve the future growth and success (Roger, 2013). Vision as the way of success The objectives of the organization should be important because it contains certain requirements that should be measured. The vision having specific goals encourages the employees of the resort to improve the performance so that they can be able to serve the customers in the good way. The aim of the vision of the resort is to create brand awareness and provide best services to the visitors (Taleghani, et al, 2011). By setting proper and well defined goals, management of the resort would be able to perform well. There are some points as the objectives of the resort for stakeholders that are to be achieved: To provide best services to the visitors at the reasonable prices, Promote the tourism by providing such services which include social, economic, political and physical environmental factors, Provide such services in resort to satisfy the needs and requirements of the customers, Give contribution to the tourism industry for the social, economic and cultural development, Develop the awareness about resort among the customers, Improve the quality of services compared to the competitors, and To attract the customers having high class lifestyle and who want high quality services (Turnbull Valla, 2013). Target marketing Target market is very important for the success of every organization because it focuses on the taste, interests, hobbies and the needs of the customers. Basically, target market is the market where the organization wants to sell its products and services to the targeted customers. Resort will target the customers according to their needs and requirements. The resort will mainly target families, tourists, couples, seasonal travelers and middle class customers also. Resort will basically target the customers based on the incomes and professions nd provides the services according to them (Bickhoff, Hollensen Opresnik, 2014). Positioning For targeting the customers, the resort will adopt the unique positioning strategy. Resort will provide different kind facilities and services such as good rooms, swimming pools, cooling and heating rooms and good bathrooms attached in the rooms etc to the visitors who came to Iceland. Along with this, the pricing strategy should be maintained by the resort to attract the customers. The objective of the resort is maximizing the profit. So, resort has to focus on the pricing strategy to maintain the brand image. Apart from this, there could be many competitors of the resort in the Iceland so it would be very critical task for the resort to attract the customers. So, resort has to adopt cost effective strategies to attract the customers in Iceland (Chakravarthy Coughlan, 2011). Opportunities in the market Iceland is famous destination for travel and tourism. It is located in the middle of North America and North Europe. This country is continuously growing in terms of economy because of the visit of tourists from the US, Britain, and Germany. They spend lots of amount in their travel. So, the growth in the economy of Iceland has a positive impact on the hotel industries. It is expected that the growth will be continue and will ensure the success of hotel industry. So, it would be beneficial to open a resort in Iceland (Iceland Monitor, 2016). Conclusion The report was discussing about the proposal of a resort in the Iceland. It has been observed that the aim of the vision of the resort is to attract more and customers by providing best accommodation facilities and services to them. For this, resort will provide such services in resort to satisfy the needs and requirements of the customers. References Bickhoff, N., Hollensen, S., Opresnik, M., (2014),The Quintessence of Marketing: Strategic and Operative Marketing PlanningSegmenting, Targeting, Positioning.pp. 47-11 Chakravarthy, B., Coughlan, S., (2011), Emerging market strategy: innovating both products and delivery systems, 40(1), 27-32. Iceland Monitor, (2016), Opportunities in Iceland for sustainable tourism, accessed on 30th November 2016 from https://icelandmonitor.mbl.is/news/nature_and_travel/2016/10/06/opportunities_in_iceland_for_sustainable_tourism/ Roger, A.K., (2013),Marketing In Asia.(2nd). Columbus, OH: McGraw-Hill Education. Taleghani, M., Biabani, S., Gilaninia, S., Rahbarinia, S. A., Mousavian, S. J.,(2011), Arabian Journal of Business and Management Review :The Relationship between Customer Satisfaction and Relationship Marketing Benefits, 1(3), 78-86 Turnbull, P. W., Valla, J. P., (2013),Strategies for international industrial marketing. USA: Croom Helm.